Effects of Citrus sinensis Peel as a Partial Fish Meal Replacement on Growth, Biochemical Composition and Haematological Parameters in Anabas testudineus

This study investigated the effects of dietary inclusion of Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) peel on the growth performance, biochemical composition, and selected haematological parameters of Anabas testudineus. Experimental diets were prepared by incorporating dried citrus peel at inclusion levels of 25%, 50%, and 75%, along with a control diet (0% inclusion). A total of 20 fish were used, with 5 fish per treatment group, and the experiment was conducted over a period of 60 days under laboratory conditions. Growth parameters (initial weight, final weight, and weight gain), muscle biochemical constituents (protein, carbohydrate, and cholesterol), and haematological indices (hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte diameter) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test. Results indicated differences among treatments, with higher values generally observed in citrus peel–fed groups compared to the control. However, due to the limited sample size, absence of tank replication, and restricted set of physiological parameters measured, the results should be interpreted with caution. The study provides preliminary evidence that Citrus sinensis peel may influence growth and physiological responses in A. testudineus. Further studies with improved experimental design, larger sample size, and comprehensive growth and health indices are required to validate these findings.