VSG control of photovoltaic energy storage grid-connected system based on improved SMA

Introduction Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control techniques face limited adaptability in modern grid-connected systems. This study aims to enhance the adaptability and performance of VSG control by developing an optimized photovoltaic-storage grid-connected system. Methods A proportional-derivative controller was incorporated into the photovoltaic-storage grid-connected system. An improved slime mould algorithm (SMA) was introduced to optimize the inertia and damping coefficients of the VSG. The proposed method was evaluated through experimental testing, simulation analysis, and dynamic response assessment under varying illumination conditions. Results The experimental results demonstrated that the accuracy of the proposed improved SMA reached 97.87%, with a recall of 98.58%, both superior to the comparison algorithms. Simulation analysis indicated that the improved SMA effectively suppressed power overshoot to only 1.48 kW, lower than the comparison algorithms. Furthermore, the dynamic response testing showed that the goodness-of-fit coefficient for finding optimal parameters under different illumination conditions was 0.983, significantly higher than the comparison algorithm. Discussion These findings demonstrate that the improved SMA is effective for optimizing VSG control parameters and possesses practical value for enhancing the stability and adaptability of photovoltaic-storage grid-connected systems.