Association of Vitiligo with Thyroid Dysfunction and Diabetes Mellitus Along with Assessment of Quality of Life

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic acquired depigmentary disorder characterized by the loss of melanocytes, resulting in well-defined depigmented macules and patches on the skin. Increasing evidence suggests that vitiligo is associated with several systemic autoimmune and metabolic disorders, particularly thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus. In addition to its physical manifestations, vitiligo can significantly affect the psychological and social well-being of patients, thereby impairing their quality of life. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology at a tertiary care center. A total of 60 patients with clinically diagnosed vitiligo were included in the study after obtaining informed consent. Demographic details and clinical history were recorded using a structured proforma. All participants underwent laboratory evaluation for thyroid function tests (TSH, FT3, FT4) and assessment of glycemic status using fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels. Quality of life was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 32.6 ± 11.4 years, with a slight female predominance (56.7% females and 43.3% males). Thyroid dysfunction was observed in 26.7% of patients, with hypothyroidism being the most common abnormality. Diabetes mellitus was present in 16.7% of patients with vitiligo. The mean DLQI score was 9.2 ± 4.6, indicating a moderate impact of vitiligo on the quality of life of affected individuals. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a notable association of vitiligo with thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, vitiligo was found to significantly affect the quality of life of patients. These findings highlight the importance of routine screening for endocrine abnormalities and providing psychological support as part of the comprehensive management of patients with vitiligo.