TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGY IN TUMOR THERAPY: MECHANISMS, APPLICATIONS IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Terahertz(THz) technology, as a emerging non-ionizing electromagnetic wave therapy, has made significant progress in the field of tumor treatment in recent years. With its unique low-energy, non-ionizing characteristics and high sensitivity to biological tissues, THz technology can act on tumor cells without damaging normal cells and produce a series of biological effects, such as changes in cell membrane permeability, vibrations of protein molecules, and effects on telomeres and telomerase, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation or inducing apoptosis. Compared with traditional surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, THz technology, with its high selectivity and low side effects, provides a safer and more precise treatment option for cancer patients. This review aims to summarize the latest advances in THz technology for tumor treatment, deeply explore its mechanisms of action, technical advantages, and clinical application prospects. At the same time, this paper will also analyze the current technical challenges, such as the penetration depth of THz waves, equipment costs, and optimization of treatment parameters, and look forward to further development of THz technology in tumor treatment in the context of multi-disciplinary integration, providing reference for related research and clinical applications.