The chronic apical abscess: a case report on a diagnostic dilemma

A chronic apical abscess is an endodontic condition commonly characterized by the presence of a notable sinus tract through which pus periodically discharges. In general, these cases can be considered ‘straight forward’ to diagnose but on some occasions, diagnosis can be challenging. Any misdiagnosis can compromise the treatment approach for the patient and lead to adverse outcomes such as unnecessary biopsies or referrals. Therefore, clinicians should follow a meticulous treatment approach consisting of appropriate diagnostic measures to establish the correct diagnosis and treatment pathway. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Misdiagnosis of challenging cases can result in inappropriate treatment, especially where odontogenic infections mimic precancerous/cancerous skin lesions.