Research on Error Characteristics Analysis and Error Compensation Methods for High-Precision Angular Measurement Turntables

To address the issues of low calibration accuracy, complex system structure, and cumbersome detection processes in traditional angular measurement equipment, this study proposes an innovative Opto-Mechanical coupled high-precision angular measurement turntable solution based on the principle of reciprocal angular displacement measurement. By systematically analyzing the structural characteristics and error distribution patterns of the turntable, a comprehensive error mathematical model based on relative pose matrices was established, enabling quantitative characterization of the error characteristics in the high-precision angular measurement turntable system. The three-point reverse decoupling algorithm, combined with a systematic continuous error compensation strategy, effectively suppresses installation errors of the components under test on the turntable. Furthermore, by optimizing BP neural network parameters using an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm, the system's error compensation performance was significantly enhanced. Experimental results demonstrate that the compensated system achieves a calibration accuracy of 0.38″, meeting the sub-arcsecond precision calibration requirement. The post-compensation overall error distribution remains within ±0.5″, and the reliability and accuracy of the turntable system were thoroughly validated through multiple comparative experiments. This study provides a novel technical approach for high-precision angular measurement.