The Unequal Impact of Russia’s War Against Ukraine

This report is part of the Transformation Index BTI 2026. The regional analysis covers the period from February 1, 2023 to January 31, 2025. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of governance in 137 countries. More on the BTI at www.bti-project.org. Overview of the transformation processes in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine und Uzbekistan