A Study Assessing the Correlation between Renal Function and the Severity and Outcomes of Acute Cerebrovascular Accident Patients

Introduction: Acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Renal dysfunction has been increasingly recognized as an important factor influencing the severity and prognosis of stroke. However, data regarding its impact on stroke outcomes in the Indian population remain limited. The present study aimed to assess the correlation between renal function and the severity and outcomes of patients with acute cerebrovascular accident. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based observational study was conducted at Mamata Medical College, Khammam, from November 2024 to November 2025. A total of 120 adult patients with acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were included. Renal function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and categorized into normal, mild, moderate, and severe dysfunction. Stroke severity was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Patient outcomes were recorded at discharge. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The majority of patients were aged 51–60 years (30.0%), with a male predominance (61.7%). Ischemic stroke was more common (68.3%). Mild renal impairment was the most frequent category (35.0%). Most patients presented with moderate stroke (43.3%). A significant association was observed between renal function and stroke severity (p < 0.001), with severe renal dysfunction showing a higher proportion of severe stroke. Renal dysfunction was also significantly associated with adverse outcomes (p < 0.001), with the highest mortality observed in patients with severe renal impairment. Additionally, stroke severity was strongly associated with mortality (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Renal dysfunction is significantly associated with increased stroke severity and poorer outcomes in acute CVA patients. Early assessment of renal function can aid in risk stratification and improve clinical management.