AI and The Human Brain: Cognitive Transformation Across Time

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become deeply embedded in daily life, profoundly influencing human cognition and behaviour in both short-term and long-term interactions. This paper synthesises findings from over 20 peer-reviewed studies to examine the multifaceted effects of AI on attention, memory, decision-making, emotional responses, and social behaviour. In the short term, AI enhances efficiency through cognitive offloading and personalized assistance but may impair sustained attention, encourage over-reliance in decision-making, and alter emotional engagement. Long-term exposure raises concerns about neuroplasticity, with studies suggesting potential cognitive atrophy in memory and critical thinking due to reduced active engagement. Additionally, AI-mediated communication may erode social skills and empathy, while habitual dependence could impact mental health and autonomy. Ethical considerations, including algorithmic bias and data privacy, further complicate the societal integration of AI. The review highlights a critical duality: while AI optimizes productivity and learning, unchecked reliance risks diminishing intrinsic cognitive abilities and human connection. Recommendations include balanced AI usage, neuroadaptive strategies, and ethical frameworks to safeguard cognitive and behavioral well-being. Future research must prioritize longitudinal studies to unravel lasting neural and psychological impacts, ensuring AIs evolution aligns with human flourishing.