Modified Freehand Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Single‐Level Degenerative Lumbar Disease: 3‐Year Multicenter Retrospective Outcomes

The modified MIS-TLIF technique better preserves paravertebral muscles, reduces radiation exposure, shortens operative time, and lowers complication rates, offering a more optimized treatment option for managing single-segment lumbar degeneration.