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Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) for water management — constructed wetlands, bioretention systems, floodplain restoration, riparian buffer zones — offer demonstrated co-benefits for water quality improvement, biodiversity enhancement, carbon sequestration, and climate adaptation. Yet their adoption by water utilities, municipalities, and agricultural water managers in Mediterranean regions remains far below what technical feasibility and regulatory mandates would predict. This working paper applies the COM-B model of behavioural change (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation — Behaviour) to systematically diagnose the barriers to NbS adoption in Mediterranean water management contexts. Drawing on institutional analysis, regulatory mapping, and stakeholder engagement experience across constructed wetland, wastewater treatment, and agricultural water reuse settings, the paper identifies 18 specific barriers distributed across the three COM-B domains. The analysis reveals that Opportunity barriers — particularly regulatory misalignment, procurement rules, and financing structures — constitute the primary adoption bottleneck, followed by Capability gaps in technical knowledge and monitoring capacity, while Motivation barriers are comparatively lower where regulatory pressure exists. The paper proposes a COM-B Intervention Matrix that maps each barrier to targeted intervention functions and policy categories, providing a structured framework for designing behavioural change strategies that accelerate NbS mainstreaming in the water sector. The framework is designed for deployment within Horizon Europe research consortia addressing NbS scaling under the Nature Restoration Law and EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030.