Combination antifibrotic and immunosuppressive therapy in progressive fibrosing ILD.

Combination antifibrotic and immunosuppressive therapy shows meaningful efficacy in select PF-ILD patients. Evidence supports individualized combination approaches, particularly for progressive systemic sclerosis-ILD and connective tissue disease-ILD with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern. Critical evidence gaps remain regarding optimal sequencing, patient selection, and long-term outcomes, requiring future investigation.