LIVELIHOOD AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF FISHERMEN IN DIGHA COASTAL REGION, WEST BENGAL

The fishing community constitutes a significant component of the coastal economy of Digha, located along the Bay of Bengal. This study explores the livelihood patterns and socio-economic conditions of fishermen residing in the Digha coastal region of West Bengal. The research primarily focuses on income sources, occupational structure, educational status, housing conditions, and the challenges faced by fishing households. Both primary and secondary data sources were used in this study. Primary data were collected through field surveys, direct observations, and interviews with fishermen and their families, while secondary information was gathered from government reports, fisheries department publications, and academic literature. The findings indicate that marine fishing remains the principal source of livelihood for most households in the region. However, fishermen face several socio-economic challenges, including unstable income, declining fish resources, vulnerability to natural disasters, limited access to quality education, and dependence on intermediaries for marketing their catch. Additionally, the growth of tourism in Digha has generated alternative employment opportunities, which has slightly diversified local livelihoods. Despite these changes, the fishing community continues to experience economic and social vulnerability. The study emphasizes the need for improved infrastructure, better access to education and financial services, and sustainable fisheries management to enhance livelihood security and socio-economic well-being in the region.