Enhancing Institutional Capacity through Democratic Leadership: A Cross-Sectoral Educational Study in Public and Private Institutions in Karachi Central and East.

The current quantitative study looks into the role of democratic leadership on institutional capacity, resource management within the context of both the public schools and the private schools as well as the university in the Central district and East district of Karachi. This study has been conducted on six institutions (one school, one college, and one university in each sector). The survey was conducted in a structured way, where 120 respondents were surveyed, with them being principals, administrators and teachers. We employed SPSS to determine the relationship between effective resource management, which is one of the measures of institutional capacity and democratic leadership practices. There is a high positive correlation of the results, particularly in the case of the private institutions. The situation was also better in the public institutions as they became more democratic but had more structural barriers. The paper concludes that participatory leadership is able to improve the operations and performance of learning institutions. Its policy recommends participatory governance and leadership training.