Statistical Evaluation of Low‑Frequency Dielectric Parameters for Detection of Urea Contamination in Agricultural Soils of North Maharashtra

Monitoring urea contamination in agricultural soils is essential for maintaining soil health and ensuring sustainable crop productivity. Conventional soil testing techniques are often time-consuming, destructive, and dependent on laboratory facilities. In this study, a statistical and dielectric evaluation of urea-contaminated soils is presented using low-frequency impedance spectroscopy. Soil samples collected from agricultural regions of North Maharashtra were analyzed over a frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz using an LCR meter. Key dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant, dissipation factor, impedance, and admittance were measured and statistically evaluated using Pearson correlation and one-way ANOVA. The results reveal a strong positive correlation between urea concentration and dielectric constant at lower frequencies, while impedance exhibits an inverse relationship. The findings confirm that low-frequency dielectric analysis is a rapid, non-destructive, and reliable technique for detecting soil contamination. This method has strong potential applications in precision agriculture and environmental monitoring.