Interaction-Mediated Mitigation of Microplastic and Nanoplastic Burden Across Biological Systems

AbstractMicroplastic and nanoplastic particles are increasingly recognized as persistent components of biological systems, with evidence of distribution across tissues, fluids, and cellular environments. Existing approaches to mitigation have largely focused on polymer degradation or environmental removal strategies, which are not well suited to biologically relevant conditions. This work introduces an interaction-mediated framework for mitigation, in which particle behavior, mobility, and biological interaction are modulated without requiring polymer degradation. Across a series of experimental systems—including aqueous, biological, and microbiologically active environments—observable and time-dependent changes in particle behavior were demonstrated under large-volume, physiologically relevant conditions. These findings support a broader paradigm in which mitigation is defined by reduction of interaction and biological impact, rather than destruction of material, enabling scalable applications across therapeutic, environmental, and diagnostic domains.