Development of Sustainable Cement Tiles with Partial Replacement of Cement and Sand with Fly Ash, GGBs and Glass Powder

The increasing demand for construction materials has resulted in excessive consumption of natural resources and higher environmental impacts, particularly from cement production. This study focuses on the development of sustainable cement tiles by partially replacing Ordinary Portland cement and natural sand with alternative materials such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and glass powder. Cement tile specimens were prepared with controlled replacement levels and tested to evaluate their mechanical and physical properties. Experimental investigations included tests for compressive strength, water absorption, abrasion resistance, and surface finish in accordance with relevant standards. The results indicate that the use of Fly Ash and GGBS as partial cement replacements improves long-term strength due to enhanced pozzolanic activity, while finely ground glass powder effectively substitutes natural sand and improves particle packing. The optimized mix achieved performance comparable to conventional tiles while reducing cement consumption and environmental impact, supporting sustainable construction practices.