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Aim: This study aims to examine practical solutions for converting off-highway machines such as excavators, loaders, haul trucks, and farm equipment into electric vehicles. The focus is on addressing challenges related to high power demands, harsh operating conditions, and limited access to stable electricity. It specifically considers the role of modular battery design, flexible charging options, and thermal management in improving feasibility and performance. Methods: The study employs a combined approach consisting of a literature review and a design evaluation framework. This framework is used to assess how battery packs are constructed, how cell cooling is managed using a cooling medium, and how different battery chemistries and pack formats influence performance. It also evaluates charging options, including Combined Charging System (CCS), Megawatt Charging System (MCS), and battery swapping, as well as environmental and mechanical requirements such as resistance to dust, vibration, temperature variations, and shock. Additionally, the interaction between machines and jobsite energy systems, including microgrids, generators, and renewable-based chargers, is examined. Results: The findings indicate that Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries are more durable and safer for off-highway vehicle applications. The study shows that battery cooling plays a critical role in managing heat and preventing thermal runaway. It also highlights the importance of modular battery design in improving serviceability and standardization. Furthermore, recent developments demonstrate that swappable battery packs can reduce downtime, megawatt-scale charging systems are becoming more common, and trolley systems can support haul trucks by supplying power during operation. Conclusion: The study concludes that while the electrification of off-highway machines presents significant challenges, modular battery systems, appropriate battery chemistry selection, and effective thermal management provide viable solutions. Recommendations: The study recommends further development and evaluation of modular battery systems to enhance serviceability and standardization across applications. It also suggests continued advancement in charging technologies, including fast charging and battery swapping systems, to address operational limitations.