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The rapid development of digital technologies in medical education has significantly transformed the ways in which specialised terminology is compiled, accessed, and applied. Electronic medical dictionaries and corpus-based resources have emerged as crucial tools for facilitating the acquisition of domain-specific vocabulary and enhancing students’ professional communication skills. This study investigates the key role of lexical and grammatical competence in the development and effective use of these digital resources. Lexical competence enables the identification, categorisation, and semantic linking of complex medical terms, including multiword expressions and derivational structures originating from Latin and Greek, which are essential for understanding specialized discourse. Grammatical competence ensures accurate representation of collocations, verb patterns, and syntactic structures in dictionary entries and corpus annotations, thereby supporting students in producing contextually and grammatically correct language. The study reviewed a variety of electronic medical dictionaries to evaluate how well they represent lexical and grammatical information. Findings indicate that digital resources integrating both lexical and grammatical knowledge significantly improve learners’ ability to comprehend, retain, and apply medical terminology in authentic communicative situations. The analysis revealed common challenges, such as incomplete grammatical tagging, inconsistent representation of multiword terms, and the potential for misinterpretation by non-native speakers, which can compromise the accuracy and pedagogical effectiveness of digital dictionaries. The research demonstrates that integrating corpus-based approaches with detailed lexico-grammatical analysis enhances dictionary reliability and usability. Interactive electronic dictionaries provide students with authentic examples of term usage, cross-references, and contextualized explanations, which foster both vocabulary acquisition and grammatical proficiency. By observing real-life patterns in collocation, verb-noun combinations, and syntactic structures, learners internalize functional usage and improve professional communication skills. Moreover, corpus annotation techniques allow compilers to systematically record semantic relations, grammatical patterns, and frequency data, ensuring that dictionaries are comprehensive, contextually accurate, and suitable for educational purposes. In conclusion, lexical and grammatical competence are foundational for developing high-quality electronic medical dictionaries and corpus-based resources. Their integration ensures the production of reliable, pedagogically valuable, and user-friendly digital tools that support medical students in achieving both terminological mastery and grammatical accuracy. Properly designed electronic dictionaries and corpus resources bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical language use, enhancing students’ readiness for professional medical communication and contributing to the overall quality of medical education.