From the Overture to the Voice of the Universe: A Brief Introduction to the History of Western Symphonic Music

As one of the most iconic genres in Western art music, symphonic music has evolved through pivotal historical periods including the Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and Modernist eras. This study chronologically traces its development from the embryonic form of Italian opera overtures, through the foundational and maturation phases of the Viennese Classical School, to the emotional expansion and diverse evolution of national music schools during the Romantic period, culminating in the stylistic fragmentation of the 20th century. The analysis focuses on the creative characteristics and formal innovations of representative composers across historical stages, revealing how symphonic music has continuously assimilated new aesthetic concepts and techniques while preserving fundamental structural principles, ultimately evolving into a "sound universe" that embodies humanity's spiritual aspirations.