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This paper examines recent developments in greenhouse gas (GHG) management in Brazil's upstream oil and gas sector, with particular emphasis on methane emissions, from the perspective of regulatory transparency and data-driven governance. It presents and discusses the experience of the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP) in structuring an emissions reporting system and a public disclosure framework, highlighting how this information base has supported the diagnosis of the sector's emissions profile, the identification of priority mitigation opportunities, and the design of a future methane regulation that is proportional, technically grounded, and aligned with international best practices. Methane (CH4) is one of the main greenhouse gases driving global warming and plays a significant role in the increase of global average temperature. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2023), methane's global warming potential is approximately 28 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2) over a 100-year horizon and up to 80 times over a 20-year horizon. For this reason, reducing methane emissions is widely recognized as one of the most effective measures to limit short-term warming. In this context, controlling methane emissions across the oil and natural gas value chain has become a central priority, not only because of natural gas's role as a transition fuel in the shift to a low-carbon economy, but also due to the growing pressure from investors, consumers, and civil society for the adoption of more sustainable practices in the energy sector. Several international initiatives have been created to support emission reductions, strengthen measurement, reporting and mitigation, improve transparency, and enhance data quality, including the Global Methane Initiative (GMI, 2004), Methane Guiding Principles (CCAC, 2017), the International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO/UNEP, 2021), the Global Methane Pledge (Global Methane Pledge, 2021) and the International Energy Agency Global Methane Tracker (IEA, 2025).