Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities in vitro of extracts from Abutilon indicum

Plant-derived bioactive compounds play a crucial role in developing natural therapeutic agents. However, limited evidence exists regarding the multifunctional properties of Abutilon indicum (A. indicum). This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antibacterial activities of A. indicum extracts to identify their potential health benefits. The study was carried out by extracting leaves and stems of A. indicum, which were then assessed for antioxidant activity using ABTS, DPPH, NO, RP, FRAP, and TAC assays. Antidiabetic potential was evaluated through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays, while antibacterial activity was determined using the agar well diffusion method against six pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that the leaf extracts of A. indicum exhibited antioxidant activity with IC50 values and in vitro antidiabetic activity with IC50 values, outperforming extracts from roots and stems. For antibacterial activity, leaf extracts strongly inhibited Gram-positive bacteria with MIC values from 250 to 500 µg/mL, while MIC values for Gram-negative bacteria ranged from 1000 to 2000 µg/mL. A. indicum is a promising natural resource for pharmaceutical and health-protective products with antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic properties. These findings support further exploration for therapeutic applications, although additional in vivo and mechanistic studies are required to validate and extend these results.