Soil characterization and land suitability evaluation for sustainable production of maize (Zea mays) and teff (Eragrostis tef) in Wolkite Area, Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia

Land evaluation is a key for crop production optimization and appropriate soil management. With this premise, the objective of the research work was to characterize the soils and to assess the suitability of the land for maize (Zea mays) and teff (Eragrostis tef) production in Wolkite area, Gurage Zone, Central Ethiopia. The area was stratified into three slope ranges: 0–5%, 5–10% and 10–15% and delineated into three land mapping units (1Ac, 2Ac and 3Ac). Soil survey was made to generate the necessary data. Climatic, soil and landscape data of the area were used for the evaluation. For agro-climatic analysis, linear interpolation technique was used and FAO simple limitation for land evaluation. Based on the result, the study area was dominated by clay, had acidic reaction, high organic carbon, and medium CEC. Regarding suitability, mapping unit 1Ac was marginally suitable, 2Ac moderately suitabl and 3Ac not suitable for maize; due to drainage and pH. All mapping units were not suitable for teff due to long length of growing period. Therefore, to enhance the suitability of the soils, application of lime, inorganic and organic fertilizer is crucial. Further studies are very important to determine the lime requirement rate, inorganic and organic fertilizer rates by considering more crops that can potentially adapt.