Gender Imbalance in India: A Sociological Study of the Skewed Sex Ratio

Gender imbalance is a critical demographic concern that reflects the status of women and the nature of gender relations within society. India has istorically exhibited a skewed sex ratio unfavourable to females, shaped by deeply entrenchedsocio-cultural norms, economic structures, and institutional practices. This study provides a comprehensive sociological analysis of gender imbalance in India by examining trends in the sex ratio and its underlying determinants, including patriarchy, son preference, gender discrimination, and the misuse of reproductive technologies. Drawing on secondary data from the Census of India, the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), and existing scholarly literature, the study reveals that although the overall sex ratio has shown improvement in recent years, the sex ratio at birth continues to remain significantly imbalanced. This persistent disparity underscores the enduring influence of structural and cultural factors that perpetuate gender inequality. The study concludes that addressing gender imbalance requires not only effective policy implementation but also transformative changes in societal attitudes, gender norms, and power relations. Keywords:Sex ratio, gender inequality, patriarchy, female foeticide, India, sociological analysis