NIBS-BIDS: an extension to the brain imaging data structure for non-invasive brain stimulation

The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is a community standard for organizing and sharing neuroimaging data. Here we present NIBS-BIDS (BEP037), an extension of BIDS for non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) data. This specification introduces a dedicated nibs/ datatype with a scalable framework for storing stimulation parameters, modality-specific device metadata, spatial targeting information, and event-level synchronization for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), and transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS). We describe the proposed data structure, its design rationale, and its intended role in facilitating reproducible NIBS research.