Dementia

Introduction. Dementia is a chronic and progressivesyndrome in which cognitive function (i.e., the abilityto process thoughts) deteriorates beyond what isexpected from normal aging. There are several typesof dementia, most of which are progressive neurodegenerative disorders that significantly affect thequality of life of individuals living with the condition,as well as their families and caregivers.Aim. This review article analyzes recent scientificliterature with a particular focus on the challengesof long-term care and the stress experienced by caregiversincluding nurses. It explores the psychological,physical, and social aspects of caregiving, as wellas potential interventions aimed at reducing caregiverburden. The article highlights the need for an integratedapproach that includes education, support,and institutional change.Methods. A literature review was conducted using Pub-Med, Scopus, and Web of Science and includes studiespublished between 2015 and 2025. The review includedsystematic reviews and quantitative and qualitativestudies investigating the effects of dementia care oncaregivers, particularly nurses. The analysis addressedpsychological, social, physical, and organizational aspectsof caregiving, as well as the effectiveness of interventionssuch as mindfulness training, educationalprograms, and professional supervision.Results. Dementia caregiving is linked to high levelsof stress, depression, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion.Prolonged exposure to stress and insufficientsupport increase burnout risk, while organizationalsupport, ongoing education, and psychological interventionsserve as protective factors. Mindfulnessand cognitive-behavioral approaches significantly reducestress and burnout, and supervision and peersupport enhance job satisfaction.Conclusion. Integrating psychological support andeducational programs into nursing practice is essentialfor maintaining caregivers’ mental health and carequality. Regular stress monitoring and preventivemeasures—such as mindfulness, supervision, and dementia-specific education—help prevent burnout andstrengthen professional resilience among nurses.