First confirmed finds of baleen whale from Iron Age Scania, Sweden, and their archaeological implications

• Finds of baleen whale from Scania, Sweden, are confirmed via ZooMS analysis. • North Atlantic right whale/bowhead whale, fin whale and humpback whale are identified. • The archaeological contexts make these finds weak indicators of palaeozoological occurrence. This paper presents hitherto unknown finds of baleen whale from Iron Age Scania. Through the peptide-based technique Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS), we provide the first identifications of remains of humpback whale ( Megaptera novaeaenglia ) and fin whale ( Balaenoptera physalus ) in Scania and we present the first identification of North Atlantic right whale ( Eubalaena glacialis ) or bowhead whale ( Balaena mysticetus ). These findings can potentially be used to further the knowledge of the historical presence of these whale species in northern Europe. However, active trade took place during the late Iron Age through well-developed resource networks throughout southern Scandinavia. Consequently, the risk of them having an extra-local origin through long-distance trade diminishes their utility for biogeographical reconstructions. Therefore, these finds first and foremost provide information about the archaeological contexts in which they were found and contribute new knowledge about the possible circulation of whale bones as raw material for bone crafts.