Soil Contamination with Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Its Environmental Impact

Soil contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons presents a serious environmental challenge, particularly in Uzbekistan’s industrial regions. This study investigates contamination levels in agricultural soils surrounding oil storage facilities and extraction sites, focusing on their chemical composition, heavy metal accumulation, and ecological impact. Chromatographic analysis identified hydrocarbons such as pentane (20.9%), 2-hexene (22.9%), and heptane (10.27%) at depths of up to 42 cm in the soil. Arsenic levels were detected at 17.5 times the permissible limit near oil storage facilities, further increasing environmental risks. Biodiversity loss was observed, particularly affecting species such as Artemisia scoparia and Ferula kuhistanica. The findings underscore the need for integrated remediation strategies, including bioremediation and policy regulations, to mitigate long-term environmental damage.