Individual and Organizational Level Factors Associated With Pandemic-Related Well-Being and Work Stability Among a Sample of US Frontline Healthcare Workers

The COVID-19 pandemic undermined the well-being and stability of frontline healthcare workers and healthcare organizational effectiveness. We assessed individual and organizational level factors associated with negative pandemic outcomes (general conditions of work, hours worked per week, burnout, unit turnover rate, and turnover tendencies) among 253 interdisciplinary United States frontline healthcare workers from 25 states and the District of Columbia. The findings can shape strategies to improve workplace health and organizational effectiveness during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a modified open system model as a conceptual framework, a cross-sectional and retrospective survey design, regression models, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were implemented. The individual-level predictor was resilience, while organizational-level predictors included views of leadership and interprofessional healthcare practice (IPHP). Burnout, turnover, and turnover tendencies diminished as resilience, views of leadership, and IPHP grew stronger. IPHP had a stronger negative relationship with pandemic outcomes relative to resilience and views of leadership. Also, worsened work conditions positively correlated with increased resilience. Among pandemic outcomes, conditions of work were positively associated with burnout and unit turnover, while burnout was positively associated with unit turnover and turnover tendency. In addition, number of hours worked had stronger positive association with diminishing general work conditions than burnout. Internal inputs and workers’ outcomes were introduced as conceptual elements in a modified open system model. Study results suggesting increases in resilience as general work conditions worsened, and IPHP stayed strong, were fresh contributions to the literature.