Systemic immune profiling uncovers divergent mechanisms and predictive biomarkers of response to combination immunotherapies in hepatocellular carcinoma

Our findings reveal regimen-specific systemic immune mechanisms in advanced HCC: Atez/Bev amplifies monocyte-NK cytotoxic axes, whereas Dur/Tre enhances monocyte-T cell inflammatory networks and TCR repertoire diversity. These insights highlight distinct predictive biomarkers and support regimen-tailored immunotherapy in HCC.