Monthly averaged RACMO2.3p2 variables: Greenland

This is a data set of monthly averaged variables simulated by the hydrostatic regional atmospheric climate model RACMO2.3p2 over Greenland. At the lateral and ocean boundaries the model is forced by ERA5 reanalysis data every 3 hours from 1940-2025. The model is run at a horizontal resolution of 5.5 km and 40 vertical levels for the entire Greenland ice sheet. The dataset includes the following surface- and atmospheric variables. Additional variables and higher temporal resolutuon up to 3 hourly are available on request: Surface mass balance (SMB) variables (in kg m-2 mo-1 or mm water equivalent mo-1)smb : (Specific) Surface mass balance defined as SMB = Total precipitation + sublimation - runoffsnowmelt : Surface snowmelt productionrefreeze : Refreezing of meltwatersnowfall : Solid precipitationprecip : Total precipitation (snowfall + rainfall); to calculate rainfall use rainfall = precip - snowfallrunoff : Surface meltwater runoffsubl : Snow sublimation (including sublimation of drifting snow). Negative values are sublimation, positive values are snow deposition.sndiv : erosion of drifting snow Atmospheric variablest2m : 2-m Temperatureq2m : 2-m Specific humidityrh2m : 2-m Relative humidity (RH)tskin : Surface/skin temperature. Calculated from closing the surface energy budget.psurf : Surface pressureu10m : Zonal wind speed at 10 mv10m : Meridional wind speed at 10 mff10m : Wind speed at 10 mu0500 : Zonal wind speed at 500 hPav0500 : Meridional wind speed at 500 hPaz0500 : Geopotential height at 500 hPa Surface Energy Budget (SEB) variables (in J m-2); SEB = LWnet+SWnet+SHF+LHF+GHFValues are monthly cumulative: to convert to W m-2 divide by amount of seconds in a month: 30*24*3600.lwsn : Net longwave radiation (LWnet=LWdown-LWup)swsn : Net shortwave radiation (SWnet=SWdown-SWup)lwsd : Downwelling longwave radiation at the surfaceswsd : Downwelling shortwave radiation at the surfaceswsu : Upwelling shortwave radiation at the surfacesenf : Upward Sensible Heat Flux (SHF) at the surfacelatf : Upward Latent Heat Flux (LHF) at the surface (our simulated LHF doesn't explicitly close the SEB, as it also includes in-air sublimation, but the effect should be rougly neglible)gbot : Soil/Ground Heat Flux (GHF) Snow variablestotpore : Vertically integrated pore space (m)totwat : Total liquid water content of the snowpack (kg m-2)zsnow : Total snowpack thickness (m) Grid, elevation, coordinates and masks in FGRN055_Masks.nc (438 x 566 grid boxes) IceMask: Ice mask (0 or 1)Icemask_GR: Ice mask for Greenland ice sheet and ice caps (0 or 1)Icemask_noGR: Ice mask for all glaciated areas outside Greenland (0 or 1)Icesheet_Only: Mask for Greenland ice sheet (0 or 1)lon: Longitudelat: LatitudeLSM: Land sea mask (0 or 1)Topography: topography (m)Geopotential: Surface geopotential height (m)Area: Grid-cell area (km2)BIA: Bare ice albedo 2000 -2015 (-)Promicemask: Ice classesGRACE_basins: Grace basins Mouginot_basins: Mouginot basinsLSM_GR: Land sea mask for Greenland only (0 or 1)Grounded_ice: Grounded ice (0 or 1)