An Improved MPC-Based Control Method Considering DC Side Voltage Stabilization for Battery Energy Storage Systems

Conventional control strategies for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) fail to achieve symmetrical and coordinated control between the DC/DC and DC/AC conversion stages, resulting in unsatisfactory DC capacitor voltage fluctuation suppression and threatening the safe and stable operation of the system. To address this issue, this study proposes an improved model predictive control (MPC)-based control method that explicitly considers DC capacitor voltage fluctuation suppression. First, a dynamic mathematical model of the BESS is established by jointly considering its DC/DC and DC/AC energy conversion stages. The model is then discretized using the first-order forward Euler method to facilitate controller implementation. Second, the cost function of the proposed MPC-based control method is designed to simultaneously incorporate DC capacitor voltage fluctuation suppression and output current tracking errors on both the DC and AC sides. Finally, the switching states of the DC and AC converters are selected as the control set, and the optimal switching signals for the BESS are determined by optimizing the aforementioned cost function. Verification results demonstrate that, compared with traditional control strategies, the proposed strategy achieves more symmetrical stable and dynamic performance and reduces DC side capacitor voltage fluctuation by approximately 80%, thereby effectively ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system.