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Violence against women remains one of the most pervasive human rights violations worldwide, transcending social, economic, cultural, and geographical boundaries. Despite constitutional guarantees, statutory protections, and international legal commitments, women continue to experience diverse forms of violence in both private and public spheres. This study undertakes a comprehensive legal and socio-analytical examination of violence against women within the Indian and international context, focusing on its causes, impacts, and the effectiveness of existing legal frameworks. The research analyses various manifestations of violence against women, including domestic violence, sexual violence, workplace harassment, trafficking, and emerging forms such as cyber abuse. It critically examines the historical and structural factors contributing to gender-based violence, particularly patriarchy, economic dependence, cultural norms, and institutional inadequacies. The study further evaluates the role of constitutional provisions, statutory enactments, and judicial interventions in India, highlighting landmark judgments that have shaped the legal discourse on women’s rights. In addition, it explores the influence of international conventions, human rights instruments, and global organizations in establishing normative standards and guiding domestic legal responses. The findings reveal a persistent gap between legal frameworks and their practical implementation. While laws and judicial pronouncements demonstrate progressive intent, challenges such as underreporting, social stigma, procedural delays, and institutional insensitivity continue to undermine effective protection for women. The study argues that violence against women cannot be addressed through criminal law alone and emphasizes the need for a holistic, victim-centric approach integrating legal reform, effective enforcement, social awareness, and economic empowerment. Ultimately, the paper underscores that eliminating violence against women is essential for achieving substantive equality, social justice, and sustainable development. Keywords: Violence against Women; Gender-Based Violence; Women’s Rights; Legal Frameworks