Biocultural Determinants of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in an Urban Populace of Eastern India: An Epidemiological and Anthropological Study

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major driver of cardiometabolic morbidity in South Asia. This study estimates the prevalence of MetS and examines associated risk factors in urban communities of Eastern India. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged ≥20 years. Data on socio-demographic, biochemical and lifestyle factors were collected using standard protocols. MetS was diagnosed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2005 criteria. Elastic net logistic regression was used to identify predictors of MetS and pre-metabolic syndrome (Pre-MetS). Results The overall prevalence of MetS was 24.01% (male: 23.42%; female: 24.62%). Body mass index, waist circumference and lipid profile components were significantly associated with MetS and Pre-MetS. Conclusion The prevalence of MetS in these communities highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions focusing on lifestyle modifications and early screening.