Maternal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine perceptions amongst pregnant women and mothers of infants and toddlers in England: a qualitative study

Abstract Background Since September 2024, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination has been available in England for pregnant women (from 28 weeks’ gestation). Aim To explore RSV knowledge and awareness, RSV vaccination perceptions and acceptability, and preferences for maternal vaccine delivery and communication amongst pregnant women and mothers of infants and toddlers in England. Methods Between July and November 2024, semi-structured qualitative interviews were performed with 30 mothers (youngest child under 2 years), two of whom were pregnant with a subsequent child. The study was conducted as a follow-on to a UK Health Security Agency survey of attitudes towards RSV vaccination amongst pregnant and post-partum women in England. Findings Although most mothers had heard of RSV, mothers with experience in health roles were more likely to understand the potential severity of RSV in infants. Likelihood of maternal RSV acceptance was reported as high, with most mothers considering RSV vaccination as beneficial in protecting infants. Most mothers preferred a hybrid approach to vaccine communication, with information available online (e.g. through the NHS website), via written sources (e.g. NHS produced leaflet), and through talking with midwives. For convenience, most mothers preferred the option of fitting vaccinations within the antenatal midwifery appointment schedule rather than going to general practice for a separate appointment. Conclusion To support maternal RSV vaccination decision-making and access, women need vaccine information early in pregnancy; information provision through a range of different sources (i.e. online, paper, in-person); and vaccination delivery in a convenient location (i.e. as part of antenatal appointments).