Green extraction technologies for medicinal plant bioactive compounds: applications in pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and nanotechnology

Abstract Bioactive phenolic compounds derived from medicinal materials have gained significant global attention owing to their diverse therapeutic properties and potential applications in various industries. This review explores phenolic bioactive extraction techniques and the pharmacological significance of these natural compounds, highlighting their roles in pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and nanotechnology. Conventional techniques for bioactive compounds extraction are time consuming and require large volumes of solvent; hence, advanced novel green techniques are required. Green techniques minimize the time and energy required as well as the solvent used for extraction. This review discusses innovative and sustainable green extraction techniques for bioactive compounds from plants. The novel techniques discussed include microwave‐assisted extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction and pressurized hot water extraction. Bioactive substances like alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids have antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer properties, making them useful in drug development in pharmaceuticals. In the cosmeceutical sector, these substances promote skin health, anti‐aging, and UV protection, improving the efficacy of skin care products. Furthermore, the combination of bioactive chemicals with nanotechnology has resulted in advances in drug delivery systems, including improved bioavailability, targeted therapy, and controlled release. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the most recent research and technological breakthroughs, with a focus on the potential of bioactive substances derived from medicinal materials to deliver sustainable and innovative solutions in various industries.