Imaging in infective arthritis: A comprehensive review

Infective arthritis warrants prompt diagnosis and early initiation of treatment for optimal outcomes. Infective arthritis includes pyogenic (also known as septic) arthritis and non-pyogenic arthritis such as arthritis caused by tubercular, fungal, and viral etiologies. Septic arthritis is associated with rapid destruction of the affected joint, resulting in high morbidity, and delay in diagnosis can result in mortality. The clinical diagnosis of septic arthritis may be challenging, especially in patients with pre-existing joint diseases who are also more vulnerable to develop septic arthritis. Imaging plays a crucial role in early diagnosis and guidance for arthrocentesis of an infected joint. This article outlines the clinical perspectives, pathophysiology, imaging features, and interventional diagnostic strategies in infective arthritis. This comprehensive review deals with infective arthritis with emphasis on septic arthritis.