Smart energy planning with 100% renewable energy, including geothermal energy by 2050 in the Galapagos Islands

This research presents an integrational energy transition model with 100% renewable energy in the Galapagos archipelago, considering advanced simulation using EnergyPLAN analysis software. The study defined complete decarbonization scenarios, evaluating synergies between potential renewable resources, including solar photovoltaic energy, wind energy, biomass, and vegetable oils (jatropha available on the islands), as well as the strategic inclusion of geothermal energy as a stable generation option. Using baseline data from historical demand series and available meteorological data, the energy system of the Galapagos Islands was modeled for the energy transition through 2050. The results obtained from the sensitivity analysis demonstrate that geothermal energy, by providing baseload power, improves the system's resilience to solar and wind variability and ensures greater energy security in relation to growing demand. Finally, it is concluded that a 100% renewable energy system in the Galapagos is technically and economically viable, positioning the archipelago as a world leader in island energy transition, provided that green financing policies and flexible regulations associated with geothermal exploitation are implemented. The results in the realistic scenario for 2050 indicate that the installed power capacity would be composed of solar PV with 30 MW, wind 32 MW, geothermal 4 MW and other small contributions 4.50 MW. • The Galapagos Islands have significant renewable energy potential. • Decarbonization on the islands will have a positive long-term socioeconomic and environmental impact. • Possible scenarios for harnessing geothermal energy are presented. • The results for 2050 consider the diversification of renewable energy sources important.