The Impact of Different Irrigation Regimes on the Yield of Winter Wheat and Leguminous Crops and on Soil Condition in the Bukhara Region

This article examines the impact of different irrigation regimes on the yield of winter wheat and leguminous crops, as well as on the agrophysical and reclamation (meliorative) condition of soils under irrigated farming conditions of the Bukhara region. The research was conducted through field and laboratory experiments, in which crop productivity and soil parameters were evaluated under low, moderate, and optimal irrigation regimes. The results obtained indicate that an increase in irrigation rate led to a consistent rise in winter wheat grain yield. The inclusion of leguminous crops in crop rotation significantly increased yields under all irrigation regimes and contributed to improving the soil nutrient regime and physical condition. Under optimal irrigation conditions, soil moisture retention capacity increased, while bulk density and the content of soluble salts decreased. The findings demonstrate that the integrated application of appropriate irrigation regimes and crop rotation in the cultivation of winter wheat and leguminous crops is a scientifically grounded solution for achieving high agronomic efficiency, rational use of water resources, and preservation of soil fertility. These conclusions are of practical importance for the development of sustainable and resource-efficient agricultural systems in the Bukhara region.