The political reform process in the federal Iraqi state

The political reform process means a set of thoughtful measures aimed at strengthening political institutions and activating their role. The political reform process, distinct from other change processes, is the process of correcting errors and addressing problems without compromising the foundations of the political system and the country. The process of political reform is an institutional political one characterized by accuracy in theory and practice. Any error or failure in the application of political scientific theories related to political reform may lead to results threatening the country and the stability of its institutions. Based on this, it is believed that political institutions and the degree of their strength constitute an independent variable in the process of political reform. Building the capacities of political institutions is of great importance and has an effective role in the domain of political reform. Some people link the process of political reform with democracy. Although change has occurred in Arab regimes, especially since 2005 AD, it has led to what is called the “modernization of liberal authoritarianism” and the emergence of “liberal authoritarian” regimes. Free civil society did not meet the requirements of democratic transformation in the Iraqi state. The political conflict resulting from the application of consociational democracy, as one of the gaps in this theory, has deepened the societal division in the Iraqi state. Therefore, the political reform process in the Iraqi state must work to reduce these divisions to limit the negative effects of the consensual theory, which it is believed to be absent from the minds of the leaders of the Iraqi political process. Finally, we can say What negatively affected the Iraqi political process was the political leaders’ misunderstanding of consensual theory, first, the political forces’ mistrust of each other and the difficulty of agreeing on the national interest, second, and the weakness or absence of a participatory culture in governance and state management, third.