Prevalence of patellofemoral pain syndrome and its effect on lower extremity function in young females

Background: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) causes anterior knee pains in young females, which can be experienced when performing daily activities. The measurement of its prevalence and functional impact provides the assistance in prevention and rehabilitation in its early stages. Objective: To determine the prevalence of PFPS and its effects on lower extremity function in young female adults. Materials and Methods: The observational cross-sectional study was carried out in the University of Sialkot. The n=357 females between the ages of 20-26 years were recruited through non-probability convenient sampling. The inclusion criteria were females experiencing anterior knee pain during functional activities; recently injured knee, prior knee surgery or systemic joint disease, neurological or instant analgesics/anti-inflammatories. PFPS was evaluated using Clarke test, quadriceps tightness using Ely test, knee symptoms using Kujala Score and lower limb performance using LEFS. The SPSS v27 was used to analyze data. Results: Clarke's test was positive in 16% of the right knees and 12% of the left knees. Tightness of the quadriceps was observed on 27-33% of the subjects. The participants that were PFPS-positive had significantly lower LEFS scores compared to those participants that were PFPS-negative (p < 0.001). The regression analysis showed that both AKPQ and LEFS scores have a significant correlation (R² = 0.311, p < 0.001) meaning that lower extremity functional limitation is predicted by knee-specific symptoms. Conclusion: PFPS is prevalent among young females and is associated with quadriceps tightness and mild-to-moderate functional limitations.