Autonomous Multipurpose Agricultural Robot with Seed Sowing, Pesticide Spraying, and Ploughing

Abstract: This multifunctional agricultural robot integrates essential farming operations—seed sowing, pesticide spraying, and ploughing into a single autonomous platform. It employs precision control to optimize field coverage and resource usage. The system reduces manual labor, improves crop yield, and promotes sustainable farming by applying resources efficiently. This robot addresses these issues by employing a programmable microcontroller, precise mechanical actuators, and various sensors to accurately place seeds at predefined intervals and depths. The robot can be manually operated via remote control or function autonomously using GPS and pre-mapped field coordinates. Its compact design allows it to navigate through narrow rows, while attachments such as plows and seed dispensers perform soil preparation and seed placement in a single pass. Index Terms - Multifunctional agricultural robot, autonomous, seed sowing, pesticide spraying, ploughing, precision control, microcontroller, GPS, and sustainable farming.