Green Synthesis and Characterization of CdO nanoparticles by using Vitis vinifera Plant leaf Extract.

This study introduces Vitis vinifera leaf extract from Dohuk Province as a new green synthesis medium for CdO nanoparticles. It also provides new insight into how precursor concentration influences their structural, morphological, and optical characteristics to optimize the synthesis process. The UV-Vis analysis and FTIR spectroscopy results of V. vinifera leaf extract indicated that the selected extract is suitable and effective for the environmentally friendly production of CdO nanoparticles. The UV-Vis spectrum of the plant leaf extract showed two distinct absorption peaks at 266 nm and 330 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed using different analytical techniques. XRD results indicated that the produced CdO nanoparticles have a face-cantered cubic structure with average crystallite sizes ranging from 26.12 to 32.78 nm. In addition, SEM analysis revealed that increasing the precursor concentration resulted in semi-spherical CdO nanoparticles with average diameters of 42.41 and 59.39 nm. Compositional analysis via EDX confirmed the presence of cadmium and oxygen, with the Cd-0.25M sample showing near-stoichiometric composition. FTIR spectra revealed characteristic CdO vibrations at 580–400 cm-1. Absorption in the UV region was observed at 274–316 nm by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The estimated band gap ranged from 3.40 to 3.96 eV, higher than that of bulk CdO. The Cd-0.25M sample exhibited optimal properties, including the highest UV absorbance, smallest particle size (42.41 nm), well-defined porous morphology, and near-stoichiometric composition.