A meandered and dual-hexagonal ring-based compact microstrip array antenna for multiband wireless communication

This paper presents design, simulation, and construction of a two-element microstrip array antenna suitable for modern wireless communication systems. The primary design attains miniaturization through meandered patch geometry, while the second with a dual-hexagonal rings structure integrated with a partial ground plane to ease multiband operation. The proposed antenna shows effective performance, across the 2.4-2.6 GHz and 4.9-5.2 GHz frequency bands, wider fractional bandwidths and more stable dual-band performance compared to conventional microstrip array designs. With slight deviations due to fabrication tolerances and substrate parameter disparities, both simulated and measured results demonstrate close agreement. Shows consistent radiation properties, effective impedance matching, and consistent operational performance in the targeted bands. Antenna has a -10 dB bandwidth of 408 MHz (15.7%) in the 2.4-GHz band and 373 MHz (7.4%) in the 5-GHz band, this supplying good dual-band performance. The dual-band coverage, compact geometry, and stable radiation characteristics make the proposed antenna well suited for WLAN, sub-6 GHz 5G, and Internet of Things (IoT) systems.