Pattern and Surgical Outcomes of Hernia Repair: A Retrospective Study at BMIMS, Pawapuri, Nalanda, Bihar

Background: Hernia is one of ‘the most common surgical conditions worldwide and constitutes a significant portion of the general surgical workload. Understanding the pattern of hernia presentation and surgical outcomes is important for improving patient management and treatment strategies. Aim: To evaluate the pattern of hernia presentation and assess the surgical outcomes of hernia repair among patients treated at a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery at Bhagwan Mahavir Institute of Medical Sciences, Pawapuri, Bihar, for 7 months. A total of 90 patients aged 18 years and above who underwent hernia repair were included. Data regarding demographic characteristics, type of hernia, surgical procedures, and postoperative outcomes were collected from hospital records and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The majority of patients were aged 51–60 years and above 60 years (24.4% each), with a clear male predominance (75.6%). Inguinal hernia was the most common type (60%), followed by umbilical (15.6%) and incisional hernia (13.3%). Open hernioplasty with mesh repair was the most frequently performed procedure (68.9%). Most patients (71.1%) had complete recovery without complications, while minor complications occurred in 17.8% of cases. Conclusion: Hernia was more prevalent among older males, with inguinal hernia being the most common type. Open mesh repair remained the preferred surgical technique and demonstrated favorable postoperative outcomes with low complication and recurrence rates.