Monitoring of train traffic safety using unmanned aerial vehicles and low-orbit satellite constellations

The organization of safety monitoring channels in railway transport using intelligent video surveillance systems (IVS) is analyzed. A solution is proposed that uses unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to record video of objects and transmit monitoring data to a control center via satellite communication. A comparative analysis of two safety monitoring network architectures based on domestic low-orbit satellite constellations, "Gonets" and "Rassvet", is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of each architecture for railway monitoring tasks are identified. The key role of inter-satellite links based on atmospheric optical communication (AOC) is identified, which can significantly extend the range of monitoring systems given the vast scale of the Russian railway network. The conclusion is drawn regarding the prospects of integrating satellite communication into video surveillance systems for large-scale remote-area monitoring.