Imaging in osteomyelitis: Unveiling the secrets of bone infections

“Osteomyelitis” or “infection of the bone marrow” is a commonly encountered clinical scenario in which imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis, localization, and follow-up. The mode of spread as well as pathophysiology of osteomyelitis (OM) differ in various situations, and also depend on the age of the patient. Direct spread of OM is commonly found in adults with certain risk factors, whereas indirect/hematogenous spread of OM is more frequently seen in the pediatric age group. The imaging findings differ based on the mode of spread, the stage of disease, and the age of the patient. Choosing the appropriate imaging modality for the particular clinical scenario is of utmost importance for guiding patient management. We discuss the role of various imaging modalities in these diverse scenarios and common imaging findings.