Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles: Revolutionizing Diabetic Wound Therapy

Abstract: Wounds associated with diabetes mellitus are among the most serious complications, with the potential to progress to cell necrosis and, in severe cases, necessitate amputation. Current statistics indicate that diabetic wounds affect approximately 15% of patients with diabetes, and 20% of these cases lead to limb amputation. Conventional therapies often prove ineffective due to molecular and structural alterations in the injured tissue, highlighting the need for innovative delivery methods to enhance treatment efficacy. Recent research has focused on developing advanced materials for wound management, particularly through phyto-nanotechnology. Topical applications of nanoscaffolds and nanofibers have shown promising outcomes in promoting wound healing. Nano-sized particles facilitate smooth progression through the healing phases by enhancing cellular and molecular interactions. Among these, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted attention for diabetic wound treatment due to their potent antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. AgNPs also stimulate cellular mechanisms that support the repair of chronic wounds; however, potential toxicities remain a concern. This review examines the role and mechanisms of biogenic AgNPs in diabetic wound management, with a focus on their efficacy in wound dressings. Additionally, it examines marketed AgNP formulations for wound care, highlights reported toxicity issues, and discusses clinical trials and future prospects for their application in wound healing.