High Human Epididymis Protein 4 Levels Are Associated With Lower Systolic Function and Poor Prognosis in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

Background: Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a novel fibrosis marker expressed in activated myofibroblasts. Although we previously demonstrated its prognostic value in dilated cardiomyopathy, its significance in general heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains unclear.