Coplanar Apollonian fractal patch antenna for 5G and sub-6 GHz applications

This paper proposed a small coplanar Apollonian fractal patch antenna with multiband performance for contemporary wireless systems. The antenna operates effectively at frequencies 2.38, 2.69, 3.36, 4.0, and 4.83 GHz. The performance of antennas has -10 dB of impedance bandwidth of 0.05 Ghz, 0.48 Ghz, 0.21Ghz, 0.21 Ghz and 0.17 Ghz respectively. The performance of the design reveals a maximum return loss of -35.97 dB, a maximum gain is 5.034 dB, and maximum total efficiency is 75%. Radiation patterns are diverse with wide multi-lobed radiation patterns at 2.38 GHz and highly directional at 4.8 GHz. The combination of patch, ground plane and Split ring resonator shows excellent impedance matching and minimal power dissipation. The Antenna covers the key bands which are useful for 5G, Wi-Fi, and satellite communications. The design is validated through measured results and confirm its usability for next-generation wireless technology. A split-ring resonator (SRR) is introduce to steer the frequency bands to desired range within the operating resonant frequencies.